However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. The website Oxford Dictionaries and the Online Etymology Dictionary suggest the name is a blend of the words gene and chromosome. The term genome was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. Look up genome in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. With advancements in technology that could handle sequencing of the many repetitive sequences found in human DNA that were not fully uncovered by the original Human Genome Project study, scientists reported the first end-to-end human genome sequence in March 2022. The Human Genome Project was started in October 1990, and then reported the sequence of the human genome in April 2003, although the initial "finished" sequence was missing 8% of the genome consisting mostly of repetitive sequences. The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced and various regions have been annotated. The study of the genome is called genomics. Algae and plants also contain chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome. Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome. The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of junk DNA with no evident function. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. An image of the 46 chromosomes making up the diploid genome of a human male (the mitochondrial chromosomes are not shown).
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